Law

The main building of Judicial system of Iran in Tehran.
The main building of Judicial system of Iran in Tehran.

A nationwide judicial system in Iran was first implemented and established by Abdolhossein Teymourtash under Reza Shah, with further changes during the second Pahlavi era.

After the 1979 overthrow of the Pahlavi Dynasty by the Islamic Revolution, the system was greatly changed. The legal code is now based on Shi'a Islamic law or sharia. According to the constitution of the Islamic Republic, the judiciary in Iran "is an independent power." The entire legal system - "from the Supreme Court to regional courts, all the way down to local and revolutionary courts" - is under the purview of the Ministry of Justice, but in addition to a Minister of Justice and head of the Supreme Court, there is also a separate appointed head of the judiciary.[1] Parliamentary bills pertaining to the constitution are vetted by the Council of Guardians.

List of Heads

Name Born-Died Entered office Left office Nominated by Appointed by
1 Mohammad Beheshti 1928–1981 3 June 1979 28 June 1981(assassinated) Mehdi Bazargan Ruhollah Khomeini
2 Abdul-Karim Mousavi Ardebili 1926 - 28 June 1981 30 June 1989 Mohammad-Ali Rajai Ruhollah Khomeini
3 Mohammad Yazdii 1932 - 28 June 1981 30 June 1999 Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani Ali Khamenei
4 Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi 1948 - 30 June 1999 30 June 2009 Mohammad Khatami Ali Khamenei
5 Sadeq Larijani 1960 - 30 June 2009 Incumbent Mahmoud Ahmadinejad Ali Khamenei

References

  1. ^ a b Abrahamian, Ervand, History of Modern Iran, Cambridge U.P., 2008, p.177

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